Question 1

Causes of abdominal wall hernias

Accepted Answer

Hernias frequently occur due to a combination of defects in the abdominal wall and pressure that pushes the tissue or organ through the weakened section. Although muscle weakness and small openings can be present at birth, abdominal wall hernias generally occur later in life. Anything that increases the pressure in the abdomen can over time cause a hernia. Potential causes include lifting heavy objects, obesity, persistent sneezing and/or coughing as well as constipation. Smoking, poor nutrition and overexerting oneself may weaken the wall, increasing the likelihood of an abdominal wall hernia. Incisional hernias following surgery are often caused by poor nutrition, wound infections and obesity. These hernias are usually repaired using a surgical mesh implant.

Question 2

Hernia repair surgery

Accepted Answer

Intestinal strangulation is always a concern, so in almost all cases hernias should be repaired.   Hernias that are reducible usually should be repaired as a planned elective outpatient, or “day” surgery. For hernias that are entrapped and symptomatic for pain, the risk of strangulation is higher. They should be repaired in the very near term. Strangulated hernias are serious and usually very symptomatic for pain and vomiting. Patients with this problem are typically admitted to the hospital and repaired right away as an emergency procedure.

Question 3

Methods of hernia repair surgery

Accepted Answer

Hernias are repaired through a variety of techniques depending on the type and location. MIS surgeries are usually preferred. Open surgery can often be best depending on the location.   Types of Hernias and Locations  Umbilical: at the navel Ventral: in the abdominal/ventral wall Hiatal: along upper stomach/diaphragm Femoral: upper thigh/outer groin Inguinal: in the inner groin Incisional: occurs through a scar or incision in the abdomen

Question 4

Surgical treatment for hernias

Accepted Answer

Conventional surgery – The Surgeon creates an incision adjacent to the hernia from which to repair the weakened section of the abdominal wall. Surgical mesh may be used.   Laparoscopy – The Surgeon creates several small incisions in the abdomen. These incisions provide an entrance point for the laparoscope and surgical tools. Laparoscopic surgery usually includes the use of surgical mesh. This minimally invasive surgery often is associated will less discomfort and a faster recovery.

Question 5

Advantages of laparoscopic surgeries

Accepted Answer

There are several advantages of laparoscopic surgery in comparison to the previous old-fashioned surgery methods. Very small scars. Stay for fewer days in the hospital Less tissue cutting. Less pain while scar heals – lesser use of pain medications. Get back to normal life sooner. Quick healing as the scar is small. As exposure of internal organs gets reduced for external contaminants, hence the risk of infections reduced. Unlike some operations, a hernia repair is a relatively small operation, and, as such, you’ll most likely be allowed to return home on the same day. The operation itself lasts around 60 minutes. If you have any other medical problems or you live alone, you may be asked to stay in the hospital overnight so that a doctor can monitor your recovery. Ensure that you drink plenty of fluids and consume fruits and vegetables to reduce your risk of constipation. With plenty of rest, you should be able to return to work after a week or two, but   you should avoid any manual labor until you have fully recovered from your operation.   If you have a persistent fever, bleeding, increased abdomen swelling, nausea, chills, coughing, or difficulty passing urine after your operation, you should call your surgeon immediately

Question 6

Abdominal wall reconstruction surgery

Accepted Answer

Abdominal wall reconstruction surgery is used to close large abdominal hernias. This procedure can address recurrent hernias, ventral hernias and parastomal hernias. During the surgery, a variety of techniques are used to modify the abdominal wall and fix the hernia. In addition, several types of mesh are used to reinforce the weakened areas of the wall. The surgeon separates the layers of the abdominal wall, and places mesh behind each layer; thus, strengthening the wall.

HERNIA SURGERY SINGAPORE

Inguinal Hernia:

Femoral Hernia:

Umbilical Hernia:

Hiatal Hernia:

Reducible hernia

Irreducible hernia

Strangulated hernia

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